Diabetes, referred to as 'Xiaoke syndrome' in traditional Chinese medicine in China, has been documented in classic Chinese medical texts such as the 'Huangdi Neijing' and 'Lingshu' as early as around 400 BC. It refers to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, as well as emaciation, fatigue, and sweet urine. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the pathological mechanism of 'Xiaoke syndrome' involves the dysfunction of the lungs, stomach, and kidneys, with the underlying pathology being the consumption of Yin and fluids and an excess of dryness and heat. Symptoms persist for a long time until the condition becomes uncontrollable.

Nanobodies (Nbs) are single-domain antibodies composed of variable heavy-chain domains (VHHs) derived from camelids. Their unique structure and superior properties have positioned them as a research hotspot in the global biopharmaceutical field.

Neurological diseases encompass a range of conditions that affect the normal functioning of the human nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injuries. These ailments significantly impact the quality of life and health of patients, causing profound suffering not only to those afflicted but also to their families and friends, casting enduring psychological shadows on all involved

Tumor. It's a name that still sends shivers down the spine worldwide. How to quickly detect, diagnose, and treat tumors has always been a major challenge in the medical field. With countless scientists and medical professionals continuously researching and discovering, nanobodies, as an emerging treatment strategy, have brought revolutionary changes to cancer treatment.