目前对于FEVR等疾病，现有手段（激光、手术）仅能处理并发症（如出血、脱离），无法从根本上纠正血管发育缺陷，针对病因的疗法是一片空白。然而2024年，勃林格殷格翰以潜在总额5.99亿美元引进FZD4激动剂SZN-413。这不仅是单一项目的交易，更是顶级药企对整个靶点生物学和转化路径的强力认可。SZN-413的研发意味着在眼科疾病的治疗方向上指出了一条新的道路。接下来我们就来认识一下FZD4（卷曲蛋白4）靶点。
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an oncoprotein that exists in an inactive form in the cytoplasm. As a key effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, it plays a central role in cell proliferation and differentiation regulation. Its abnormal activation drives tumorigenesis and is closely associated with tumor malignancy, recurrence, metastasis, and…
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an oncoprotein that exists in an inactive form in the cytoplasm. As a key effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, it plays a central role in cell proliferation and differentiation regulation. Its abnormal activation drives tumorigenesis and is closely associated with tumor malignancy, recurrence, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance.
Yes-associated protein（YAP）是一种以非活性形式存在于细胞质中的癌蛋白，作为Hippo信号通路的关键效应因子，在细胞增殖、分化调控中发挥核心作用，其异常激活会推动肿瘤发生发展，并与肿瘤恶性程度、复发转移及化疗耐药性密切相关。
CD19 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, serving as a B cell-specific marker. It is continuously expressed throughout B cell development but disappears upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. As it lacks intrinsic kinase activity, CD19 needs to form a B cell co-receptor complex with proteins such as…
CD19 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, serving as a B cell-specific marker. It is continuously expressed throughout B cell development but disappears upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. As it lacks intrinsic kinase activity, CD19 needs to form a B cell co-receptor complex with proteins such as CD21 and CD81 to function. Acting as a co-receptor for the B cell receptor (BCR), when the BCR recognizes an antigen, CD19 cooperates to bring the antigen protein closer and strengthens binding. It then rapidly activates kinases like Lyn, which are connected to its intracellular domain, while powerfully recruiting and activating key downstream signaling molecules such as PI3K, Vav, and PLC-γ. Through this mechanism, CD19 enhances BCR-mediated signal transduction, significantly lowers the activation threshold for B cells, and makes immune responses more sensitive and efficient.
CD19是免疫球蛋白超家族的I型跨膜糖蛋白，为B细胞特异性标志物，在B细胞发育全程持续表达，终末分化为浆细胞时消失。由于其本身不具备激酶活性，因此需要与CD21、CD81等蛋白形成B细胞共受体复合物来发挥作用，作为B细胞受体（BCR）的共受体，当BCR识别抗原时，它可协同BCR将抗原蛋白拉近并加强结合程度，然后迅速激活CD19胞内段相连的Lyn等激酶，同时强力招募并激活下游关键的PI3K、Vav、PLC-γ等信号分子，通过该机制可增强 BCR介导的信号传导，显著降低了B细胞活化阈值，使免疫应答变得更加灵敏高效。